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NEW QUESTION # 50
You work as an SE for a value-added reseller. A client has an existing deployment of 802.11n Aps and wants to upgrade several BSSs to 802.11ac.
What hardware feature of some enterprise Aps may allow for this without a forklift upgrade?
- A. Converting the 802.11n radio to an 802.11ac radio through software
- B. Simply check the Enable 802.11ac checkbox in the web-based configuration interface
- C. Replace the antennas with 802.11ac antennas
- D. Adding an 802.11ac module to the existing APs
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 51
In what scenario is Open Authentication without encryption not allowed based on the 802.11 standard?
- A. When operating a BS5 in the CBRS band
- B. When operating a BSS in the 6 GHz band
- C. When operating a BSS in a government facility
- D. When operating a BSS in FIPS mode
Answer: B
Explanation:
Open Authentication without encryption is not allowed when operating a BSS in the 6 GHz band, according to the 802.11 standard. Open Authentication is a type of authentication method that does not require any credentials or security information from a STA (station) to join a BSS (Basic Service Set). Open Authentication can be used with or without encryption, depending on the configuration of the BSS and the STA. Encryption is a technique that scrambles the data frames using an algorithm and a key to prevent unauthorized access or eavesdropping. However, in the 6 GHz band, which is a newly available frequency band for WLANs, Open Authentication without encryption is prohibited by the 802.11 standard, as it poses security and interference risks for other users and services in the band. The 6 GHz band requires all WLANs to use WPA3-Personal or WPA3-Enterprise encryption methods, which are more secure and robust than previous encryption methods such as WPA2 or WEP. The other options are not correct, as they do not describe scenarios where Open Authentication without encryption is not allowed by the 802.11 standard.
When operating a BSS in the CBRS band, which is another newly available frequency band for WLANs, Open Authentication without encryption is allowed, but not recommended, as it also poses security and interference risks for other users and services in the band. When operating a BSS in FIPS mode, which is a mode that complies with the Federal Information Processing Standards for cryptographic security, Open Authentication without encryption is allowed, but not compliant, as it does not meet the FIPS requirements for encryption algorithms and keys. When operating a BSS in a government facility, Open Authentication without encryption is allowed, but not advisable, as it may violate the government policies or regulations for wireless security. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 8: Security Analysis, page 220-221
NEW QUESTION # 52
Finish the statement:
It is possible to distinguish between_______22 MHz transmissions and________20 MHz transmissions when looking at an FFT plot.
- A. HT and VHT
- B. ERP and VHT
- C. HR/DSSS and ERP
- D. OFDM and HT
Answer: D
Explanation:
It is possible to distinguish between OFDM 20 MHz transmissions and HT 20 MHz transmissions when looking at an FFT plot. OFDM and HT are two different modulation schemes used by 802.11 WLANs.
OFDM is used by legacy 802.11a/g devices, while HT is used by newer 802.11n/ac devices. OFDM and HT have different spectral characteristics that can be observed on an FFT plot. OFDM transmissions have a flat spectrum with sharp edges, while HT transmissions have a tapered spectrum with rounded edges. This is because HT uses guard intervals and cyclic prefixes to reduce inter-symbol interference and improve performance. The other options are not correct, as they do not describe different modulation schemes or channel widths that can be distinguished on an FFT plot. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 3: Spectrum Analysis, page 70-71
NEW QUESTION # 53
What element was added to the general frame of 802.11 with the 802.11e amendment and the 802.11-2007 rollup?
- A. RSN-IE
- B. Address 4
- C. HT Control
- D. QoS Control
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 54
Which one of the statements regarding the Frame Control field in an 802.11 MAC header is true?
- A. The Frame Control field is always set to 0
- B. The Frame Control field is used to communicate the duration value
- C. The Frame Control field contains subfields, and soma in 1-bit flags
- D. Only Control frames have a Frame Control field
Answer: C
Explanation:
The statement that the Frame Control field contains subfields, and some 1-bit flags is true. The Frame Control field is a 2-byte field in the MAC header that contains information about the type, subtype, and characteristics of a frame. The Frame Control field is divided into several subfields, each with a specific function and length.
Some of these subfields are 1-bit flags, which can be set to 0 or 1 to indicate a certain condition or status. For example, the To DS and From DS subfields are 1-bit flags that indicate whether a frame is destined for or originated from the DS (Distribution System). The other statements are not true, as they do not describe the Frame Control field correctly. All types of frames (management, control, and data) have a Frame Control field, not just control frames. The Frame Control field is not used to communicate the duration value, which is a separate field in the MAC header. The Frame Control field is not always set to 0, as it varies depending on the type, subtype, and characteristics of each frame. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 113-114
NEW QUESTION # 55
As the WLAN engineer in your organization, you must troubleshoot performance problems related to co- channel interference (CCI).
What is a good measurement of CCI impact in addition to the number of APs seen on a channel?
- A. Non-Wi-Fi device count
- B. Utilization
- C. The frequency used
- D. Retries
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 56
You are concerned with management overhead in your WLAN. When evaluating the network, you note that each dual-band AP provides for 4 SSIDs in each band with three secure SSIDs and one Open System SSID.
The network runs only 802.11ac APs and uses 20 MHz channels in 2.4 GHz and 400 MHz channels in 5 GHz.
What can you do to reduce the impact of beacon frames on CCI and channel utilization?
- A. Disable SSID broadcasting
- B. Increase the beacon interval
- C. Use only 40 MHz channels
- D. Use the same security across all SSIDs
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 57
You are explaining capacity planning to another engineer assisting you on a WLAN implementation project.
As part of the explanation, you provide the following formula: C = B * log2(1 + S/N).
What does this formula define?
- A. Minimum signal strength for a data rate
- B. The WEP encryption algorithm
- C. Bandwidth capabilities of a channel
- D. Maximum signal strength of a channel
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 58
You are creating a baseline configuration for a pool of 100 laptops related to Wi-Fi. The laptops have dual- band 802.11ac adapters. They are configured for aggressive roaming.
What additional setting might you configure to ensure they access the WLAN on the channels with the least interference assuming the enterprise WLAN is well-designed?
- A. Power management
- B. USB speed
- C. Band preference
- D. 802.11h
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 59
Prior to a retransmission what happens to the CWmax value?
- A. Set to the value of the AIFSN
- B. Reset to 0
- C. Doubles and increases by 1
- D. Increases by 1
Answer: C
Explanation:
Before a retransmission, the CWmax (Contention Window maximum) value doubles and increases by 1. The CWmax is a parameter that determines the upper limit of the random backoff time that a STA (station) has to wait before attempting to access the medium. The random backoff time is chosen from a range of values between CWmin (Contention Window minimum) and CWmax. The CWmin and CWmax values depend on the AC (Access Category) of the traffic and the PHY type of the STA. If a transmission fails due to a collision or an error, the STA has to retransmit the frame after waiting for another random backoff time. However, to reduce the probability of another collision, the STA increases its CWmax value by doubling it and adding 1.
This increases the range of possible backoff values and spreads out the STAs more evenly. The STA resets its CWmax value to its original value after a successful transmission or after reaching a predefined limit. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 7: QoS Analysis, page
196-197
NEW QUESTION # 60
iPerf is a tool used in what category of testing?
- A. Name resolution
- B. Throughput
- C. Configuration
- D. Connection
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 61
You are repairing a misconfiguration in WMM settings on an AP. The aCWmin and aCWmax values were all changed.
What is the default aCWmax for AC_BK?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 62
You are using a Wireless Aggregator utility to combine multiple packet captures. One capture exists for each of channels 1, 6 and 11.
What kind of troubleshooting are you likely performing with such a tool?
- A. Narrowband DoS attack detection.
- B. Interference source location.
- C. Wireless adapter failure analysis.
- D. Fast secure roaming problems.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 63
Which one of the following is not an 802.11 Management frame?
- A. PS-Poll
- B. Beacon
- C. Action
- D. Authentication
Answer: A
Explanation:
A PS-Poll (Power Save Poll) frame is not an 802.11 management frame. A PS-Poll frame is a type of control frame that is used by a STA in power save mode to request data frames from an AP. A STA in power save mode can conserve battery power by periodically sleeping and waking up. When a STA sleeps, it cannot receive any data frames from the AP, so it informs the AP of its power save status by setting a bit in its MAC header. The AP then buffers any data frames destined for the sleeping STA until it wakes up. When a STA wakes up, it sends a PS-Poll frame to the AP, indicating its association ID and requesting any buffered data frames. The AP then responds with one or more data frames, followed by an ACK or BA frame from the STA. The other options are not correct, as they are types of 802.11 management frames. An Action frame is used to perform various management actions, such as spectrum management, QoS management, radio measurement, etc. A Beacon frame is used to advertise the presence and capabilities of an AP or BSS. An Authentication frame is used to establish or terminate an authentication relationship between a STA and an AP. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 6: 802.11 Frame Exchanges, page 169-170
NEW QUESTION # 64
Given: Protocol analyzer often have useful graphical dashboards providing information about the health and operations of the WLAN.
What is a valid use of a graph showing the Top APs Based on Active Associations?
- A. Locating overloaded APs
- B. Ensuring compliance with corporate security policies
- C. Evaluating the capacity handling on a specific channel
- D. Discovering the total number of client STAs on your network
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 65
Which one of the following should be the first step when troubleshooting a WLAN issue?
- A. Perform an initial WLAN scan and see if any obvious issues stand out
- B. Identify probable causes
- C. Define the problem
- D. Identify capture locations
Answer: C
Explanation:
The first step in any troubleshooting process is to define the problem. This involves gathering information from various sources, such as users, network administrators, network documentation, and network monitoring tools. Defining the problem helps to narrow down the scope of the issue and identify the symptoms, causes, and effects of the problem12 References:
* CWAP-403 Study Guide, Chapter 1: Troubleshooting Methodology, page 7
* CWAP-403 Objectives, Section 1.1: Define the problem
NEW QUESTION # 66
What should the To DS and From DS flags be to set to in an Association Response frame?
- A. To DS = 0, From DS = 1
- B. To DS - 0, From DS = 0
- C. To DS = 1, From DS = 1
- D. To DS - 1, From DS = 0
Answer: A
Explanation:
The To DS and From DS flags should be set to 0 in an Association Response frame. An Association Response frame is a type of management frame that is transmitted by an AP to accept or reject an association request from a STA. The To DS (To Distribution System) and From DS (From Distribution System) flags are two bits in the Frame Control field of the MAC header that indicate whether a frame is destined for or originated from the DS (Distribution System), which is a system that connects multiple BSSs together. The To DS and From DS flags can have four possible combinations: 00, 01, 10, or 11. For an Association Response frame, which is sent from an AP to a STA within a BSS, both flags should be set to 0. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 121-122
NEW QUESTION # 67
You must report on frame types seen on the WLAN. You want to list the frame types by both name and binary value.
What frame type is represented by the binary value 011010, which includes the Type and Subtype values?
- A. PS-Poll
- B. Beacon
- C. Association Request
- D. Authentication
Answer: A
Explanation:
References:
NEW QUESTION # 68
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